Every one of these high-tech fabrics has a set of engineering characteristics which catalogs their strengths and weaknesses. To get the advantages you want you have to choose laminates based on their advantages. For instance Kevlar is very strong in tension. It makes an excellent inner layer because the inner layer is stretched when the hull is punched from the outside. The disadvantage is if the force overpowers the Kevlar the whole works explodes.
I don't know much about Carbon Fiber except that it offers exceptional stiffness. If it's lacking in tensile strength I think you will get the result you got. I kind of doubt that a CF layer can be stiff enough to counteract a blow and avoid the stretching that results.
I have also heard that to get ultimate stiffness from CF the directions of the yarns have to be oriented with some relationship to the stresses you are trying to contain. Supposedly, if the yarns wander more than 7° from the ideal what you get is no better than a layer of fiberglass. Unfortunately,I have never been able to get additional confirmation of this. It may have no importance in something as low tech as a paddleboat.

: I built a canoe this summer with carbon fiber on the inside.
: Recently, a wind storm picked it up off the ground where it was
: stored and bashed it up against a tree. The wind was bad enough
: that it tossed a couple of sawhorses halfway across the lawn.
: Where the boat hit the tree, the glass on the outside cracked,
: which I would have expected. On the inside, the carbon fiber
: split and fractured. I've never seen this much damage on the
: inside of a boat from one impact even from times that I landed
: my wooden kayak on a boomer and needed to do repairs because of
: that. I'm not sure I'd use carbon fiber on the inside again
: without covering it with glass.

: Thoughts?